# Aadhaar and the digital state
**आधार और डिजिटल राज्य**

- Canonical page: https://indianepics.online/event/aadhaar-2010/
- Chapter: [The Republic and its states](https://indianepics.online/chapter/republic.md)
- Track: evidence (archaeology and documents)
- When: 2010 CE – 2018 CE
- Where: Tembhli, Nandurbar, Maharashtra (21.567, 74.5)
- Tags: science, political

## Summary

Ranjana Sonawane of Tembhli receives the first Aadhaar number on 29 September 2010; by April 2016 a billion of the biometric IDs have been issued.

29 सितंबर 2010 को टेंभली की रंजना सोनावणे को पहला आधार नंबर मिला; अप्रैल 2016 तक एक अरब बायोमेट्रिक पहचान संख्याएँ जारी हो चुकी थीं।

## Account

The Unique Identification Authority of India issues twelve-digit numbers linked to fingerprints and iris scans. It began in a village in the tribal district of Nandurbar, with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi present. The Aadhaar Act of 2016 gave the scheme a statutory basis, and in the same year the Unified Payments Interface, run by the National Payments Corporation of India, began instant bank transfers by phone.

Privacy challenges went to the Supreme Court in the Puttaswamy cases. In 2017 nine judges held privacy to be a fundamental right; in 2018 the court upheld Aadhaar for welfare and tax but struck down its compulsory use by private companies. Whether failed authentication has cut people off from rations and benefits has been argued over ever since.

## Sources

- The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 — https://uidai.gov.in/images/Aadhaar_Act_2016_as_amended.pdf
- Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd) v. Union of India, Supreme Court, 2017 and 2018
- PIB, UIDAI generates a billion (100 crore) Aadhaars, 4 April 2016 — https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=138555

## Image

Aadhaar Seva Kendra, Bhopal. Suyash.dwivedi, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0), via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AAadhaar_Seva_Kendra%2C_Bhopal.jpg

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