# Partition and the Radcliffe Line
**विभाजन और रैडक्लिफ़ रेखा**

- Canonical page: https://indianepics.online/event/partition-1947/
- Chapter: [The Republic and its states](https://indianepics.online/chapter/republic.md)
- Track: evidence (archaeology and documents)
- When: 1947 CE – 1948 CE
- Where: Attari-Wagah crossing, Punjab (31.605, 74.573)
- Tags: political, war

## Summary

The Radcliffe award, published two days after independence, splits Punjab and Bengal; about 14.5 million people cross the new lines.

स्वतंत्रता के दो दिन बाद प्रकाशित रैडक्लिफ़ निर्णय ने पंजाब और बंगाल को बाँटा; लगभग 1.45 करोड़ लोगों ने नई सीमाएँ पार कीं।

## Account

Cyril Radcliffe's awards were ready before 15 August but published only on the 17th. Working from the censuses, Bharadwaj, Khwaja and Mian estimate 14.5 million arrivals against 17.9 million departures, leaving some 3.4 million unaccounted for; estimates of the dead run from about 200,000 to two million.

One of the largest forced migrations in history, and the reason this site's modern boundary layer needs a 1947 slice and a 1971 slice, not one.

## Sources

- Khan, The Great Partition (2007)
- Report of the Punjab Boundary Commission, 1947 (Radcliffe's award, published 17 August 1947)
- Bharadwaj, Khwaja and Mian, 'The Big March: Migratory Flows after the Partition of India', Economic and Political Weekly 43(35), 2008 — https://appext.hks.harvard.edu/publications/getFile.aspx?Id=308

## Image

International border at Wagah - evening flag lowering ceremony. Kamran Ali, CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0), via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AInternational_border_at_Wagah_-_evening_flag_lowering_ceremony.jpg

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